Gut Flora Risk and Repair

….All 190 posts here….

The two most important contributors to health are diet and gut flora.  All of the other contributors, such as exercise, genetics, environmental toxins, hygiene, etc. are of minor importance.  A healthy diet, such as The Anti-Inflammatory Diet that I recommend on this blog, is simple and relatively easy to follow after weaning from the Standard American Diet.  One version of the healthy diet is just eating meat, fish, eggs, dairy and plenty of vegetables, but avoiding vegetable oils and grains.  Most people will be healthy with that general diet, but if and only if, they also have a healthy gut flora that is adapted to the food they eat.

Most people make themselves sick by not matching their gut bacteria to what they eat, so let me repeat the main point of this article:

You will get sick if the bacteria in your colon can’t digest your food.

And sick means allergies, autoimmunity, cancer, etc.

Read and Heed or Dead

What Killed American Gut Flora?

There are hundreds of different species of bacteria growing on partially digested food (soluble fiber) in your colon.  Americans are sick, not because they are too poor to buy food, but because they have the worst, i.e. least diverse, gut flora in the world.

Do:  We pick up, recruit, eat new bacteria and repair our gut flora by:

• touching surfaces, people, pets, etc. and putting our fingers near our mouths,
• eating live fermented food, or semi-clean vegetables,
• not cooking/killing/sanitizing all of the bacteria around us,
• eating probiotics and transferring some of their genes to our gut flora.

Don’t:  We wipe out or reduce the diversity of our gut flora by:

• using inappropriate hygiene that kills the bacteria we need for health,
• taking antibiotics that kill gut flora and compromise our immune system,
• trying to eat a wide variety of foods, which is counterproductive and only permits a few varieties of bacteria to survive.

Hygiene Kills Beneficial Bacteria

Nothing comes from nothing…  For bacteria to come out, bacteria must go in.  You have to eat bacteria to extrude them by the pound.  Each day a single bacterium growing and dividing in your gut once per hour will produce a million daughter bacteria (24 doublings, estimate that doubling two, ten times is about a thousand, and 1000X1000= million.)  So if you mixed a milligram (about the size of the period at the end of this sentence) of gut bacteria with ample food, you would have a kilogram (pounds) of bacteria by the end of the day.  Similarly, it takes about a day for a single bacterium applied to a petri dish of nutrient agar to produce a colony weighing about 10 milligrams.  The point here, is that a single bacterium that makes it through the acid bath of the stomach can be a major player in your colon in a couple of days.  This is a very good thing.  We want to kiss babies, because babies systematically vacuum up bacteria from the darkest  of corners and with shameless generosity present them in an irresistible pucker.  We need those bacteria, and so do the babies.  Hygiene, e.g. antibacterial hand soap, bleaching surfaces or closing toilet lids isolates people from potential sources of beneficial gut bacteria. 

Traditional Food is Fermented (with Live Bacteria)

Shockey

In most cultures, extra food is mixed with something like salt or spices to kill local problem microbes and then bacteria are permitted to grow.  The result is fermentation of the sugars available in the food with production of organic acids, e.g. vinegar, that stop the growth of other bacteria that might grow on protein and cause objectionable flavors.  Homemade fermented veggies contain a wide variety of happenstantial bacteria that can adapt to productive gut growth.

Cooking Kills

We cook to dissolve and soften foods.  Meat can be eaten whole and our stomach enzymes will easily digest the protein and fat to provide all of our nutritional needs.  The only plant material that can be digested by our enzymes is starch.  The rest of the plant requires cooking to make the protein available and the remaining carbohydrates, soluble fiber, require digestion by hundreds of different enzymes produced only by microorganisms.  Cooking will release soluble fiber to feed gut flora, but it also kills bacteria, so some raw foods must be eaten to make sure that the gut is always supplied with fresh bacterial recruits.  Cooked or pasteurized foods do not contain live bacteria and are not useful as sources to repair gut flora.

Probiotics are not Gut Flora

Commercial probiotics are made from bacteria used in dairy products (dairy probiotics) or bacteria used to make enzymes in other products, such as laundry detergents.  

These bacteria can be repackaged and sold as probiotics, because they have already been tested for toxicity.  These bacteria don’t normally grow in the gut and if you swallow them, they just pass through.  These “probiotics” can temporarily provide some of the functions of gut flora, because they are bacteria, but they don’t grow in the gut.

Gut Flora are Bacteria Created in the Gut

Gut bacteria produce chemical signals that coordinate the metabolism of food by hundreds of different species of bacteria.  We call these chemical signals vitamins, because humans extract the vitamins from the bacterial biofilms that always line the gut, so humans don’t need to produce their own vitamins.  Gut flora can produce all of the vitamins that we need, so it is not surprising that multivitamins do not provide any health benefit and concentrated vitamins my be harmful by disrupting normal metabolism of gut flora.  Biofilms also promote the exchange of genes between different species of bacteria, so the concept of species does not actually apply to gut flora, where new species are rapidly being created.  A common example of this process is the curing of lactose intolerance by simply eating small amounts of live yogurt for a couple of weeks.  The cure results from the transfer of a gene that produces an enzyme to digest lactose from the yogurt probiotic bacteria to the regular gut bacteria.  The new species, a natural GMO, continues to grow in the gut, digest lactose, and cure lactose intolerance.  The yogurt probiotics just get flushed away and that is why dairy probiotics must be eaten continuously to provide some of the benefits of healthy gut flora.

Antibiotics Kill Gut Flora, Compromise the Immune System and Cause Disease

Antibiotics are a huge benefit in curing and avoiding infectious disease.  Unfortunately, antibiotics can cause lasting damage by killing beneficial species of bacteria of the gut flora.  Loss of essential bacteria is commonly seen as food intolerances (true food allergies are rare) or constipation.  Since gut flora are needed for development of both the aggressive and suppressive parts of the immune system, which occurs in the lining of the gut, then antibiotics slowly lead to loss of function of the immune system that leads to autoimmunity or allergies.  Probiotics typically administered following antibiotic treatments do not repair the gut flora and leave the immune system damaged and prone to autoimmune diseases and allergies.

Variety in Foods Leads to Loss of Diversity in Gut Flora

It may be more entertaining to eat a new cuisine at each meal, but it confuses your gut flora.  Your gut is a river that endlessly moves food from mouth portal to pottie.  Bacteria divide and eddies cast some of the bacteria back to mix with food upstream before inevitably moving with the masses down and out.  Bacteria that don’t multiply as quickly as others eventually become extinct.  Bacteria that grow well on broccoli may wither with onions.  If you continue to eat some broccoli and some onions, then your gut flora will adapt, but if the type of polysaccharides, the soluble fiber, changes continuously, then you will end up with the stunted gut flora of Americans.  Diversity of gut flora is reduced by too much variety in food.

Matching Food to Gut Flora Takes Time

All of the gut problems that people complain about, gas, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, food intolerances/allergies (except gluten and a couple of others), etc. are due to a mismatch between food and the digestive enzymes of gut flora.  Modern food processing retains protein, fat and starch and removes the polysaccharides/soluble fiber that reaches the colon, feeds gut bacteria and produces short chain fatty acids (acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid) that feed the colon and reduce inflammation.  It takes time for gut bacteria to adapt to new soluble fiber in new foods by recruiting or creating new bacteria, and this is only possible, if inappropriate hygiene is avoided or if homemade fermented foods are eaten.

2009: What I Learned Last Year

This year followers of this blog checked in more than 100,000 times to read my 150 articles on diet, inflammation and disease.  I learned a lot and I hope that my readers gained some insights into anti-inflammatory food choices that are helpful in pursuing enhanced health.  Here is a status report.

What We Eat Contributes More to Disease Risk than Genetics

I started this blog to try to understand how food, exercise, sun exposure, etc., contribute to health and disease, because I was shocked that recent, comprehensive studies demonstrated that genetic defects were only minor contributors.  I am trained as a molecular biologist and I search for explanations of disease in terms of the interactions of the proteins coded by the genes in our cells.  History of defective genes that code for defective proteins in sickle-cell anemia, Huntington’s disease or ALS, suggested that personal genetic defects might explain personal diseases.  Fortunately, it appears that in most cases genetic defects only matter when our actions produce chronic inflammation.  What we eat is far more important than our genetics in determining if we are going to suffer from allergies, autoimmune diseases, degenerative diseases, various forms of mental illness or cancer.  If we eat to avoid inflammation, in most cases it doesn’t matter how genetically defective we are.

Diet-Based Inflammation Is the Major Risk

Modern diets rich in starch/sugar/fructose and polyunsaturated fats (omega-6 oils), and deficient in saturated fats and omega-3 oils produce the chronic inflammation that forms the foundation of most diseases.  Vegetable oils, such as corn, soy or safflower oils are inflammatory and should be eliminated from our kitchens.  We should only use olive oil, butter or lard.  Saturated fats from meat, dairy and eggs are healthier than polyunsaturated vegetable oils.  There was never adequate scientific data to justify the shift from saturated fats to polyunsaturated vegetable oils.  That was a tragic, unscientific medical error that contributed significantly to deteriorating health in the developed/developing world.

Anti-Inflammatory Diet and Lifestyle Is the Cure

It came as a surprise to me that simply eliminating inflammatory foods could prevent most diseases.  After diseases have developed, it is harder to reverse the process and return to health, but even in that case, diet is of paramount importance.

Back to Basics of a Healthy Diet (the Food Pyramid Is Wrong)

•   Starch/sugar/fructose are inflammatory.  Low carbohydrate is the healthiest diet.
•   Grains, even whole grains, and especially cereal are a big part of the problem and should be avoided.
•   Fat and not carbohydrates, should be the major source of dietary calories/energy.
•   Saturated fats are healthier than vegetable oils -- use olive oil and butter.
•   Meats/fish (not fed on grains) are healthy.  A healthy vegetarian diet is difficult.
•   Leafy vegetables are a good source of healthful antioxidants.
•   Fruits and fructose are inflammatory and should be eaten sparingly.
•   Healthy gut bacteria are important.  Eat fermented foods with live bacteria, e.g. yogurt.

Living with Inflammation

Chronic inflammation can lead to many problems that diet and supplements can help to remedy.  For example, vitamin D deficiency is an epidemic in America, because chronic dietary inflammation appears to compromise the ability to make vitamin D in the skin with sunlight.  Most individuals eating a diet high in polyunsaturated fats, starch and high fructose corn syrup, are deficient in vitamin D and would benefit from a vitamin D3 supplement of at least 2,000 IU per day.  Vitamin D deficiency also contributes to inflammation.  Fish oil supplements can also help to reduce dietary inflammation and should always be taken with at least equal amounts of saturated fats in the same meal.

Resolve to Eat Your Way to Health

It is easy to avoid most diseases by avoiding dietary inflammation.  Since chronic dietary inflammation produces depression, lethargy, obesity and a lack of energy, a healthy anti-inflammatory diet will also lead to weight loss, increased energy and reduced symptoms of aging.  Most symptoms of aging and disease are actually poorly managed inflammation that exposes genetic defects.  Most people increase in inflammation with age, but proper diet can avoid this risk to health and prolong youthful activity.    The healthiest resolution for the new year is to stop eating blatantly inflammatory foods (starch and vegetable oils) and start eating more spicy meats, fish and leafy vegetables.

Chronic Disease, Cryptic Infections, Hibernation

Suppression of Inflammation and Surviving Cytokine Storms

There are numerous unanswered questions in modern medicine. What is aging, for example? Why do people become more inflamed as they age? What’s with all of the chronic, degenerative diseases? Why is lipid metabolism (LDL, HDL, triglycerides) linked to degenerative diseases, along with immune system function and inflammation? I am only going to start the answers here.

I might as well continue to be cryptic and give you the string of words/concepts I am trying to connect to answer the other questions:
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), endorphins, hibernation, nuclear receptors (PPARs), antibiotics, chronic inflammatory diseases (fibromyalgia, arthritis, chronic fatigue, Lyme, Morgellon’s, Alzheimer’s, prostatitis, pancreatitis, cancers, etc.), autoimmunity, leaky gut/kidney/brain barrier, autism and H1N1.

First a word of advice: Beware of assuming that molecules are specific, i.e. with unique interactions, and that a small molecule will bind to one and only one protein target. [There are lots of bizarre exceptions to the assumption: Aldolase acts as a structural protein for Toxoplasma motility. Fluorescein is added to make protein fluorescent, but the fluorescein is also transported into cells on its own, i.e. fluorescein and rhodamine labeling can give different results. Heparin binds to most extracellular proteins and it is mostly a hydrophobic interaction -- heparin is not just for clotting anymore.]

Observations from the literature:

• Maternal autoimmunity is linked to autism.
• Autism is linked to leaky gut and chronic inflammation.
• Gut/kidney/brain barriers are based on integrity of extracellular matrix (heparan sulfate) that is compromised by inflammation.
• Chronic diseases require inflammation and circulating inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-6) are elevated..
• NSAIDs induce leaky gut and release of bacteria toward liver.
• Phagocytosis of bacteria leads to transport of some bacteria, e.g. Chlamydia pneumoniae to other sites of inflammation, e.g. gut to joints.
• Opiods can induce hibernation in rodents.
• Sulfides can induce hibernation in rodents.
• H1N1 my cause lethal pneumonia by lung cytokine storm.
• Inflammatory cytokines and inflammation result from activation of NFkB.
• Hibernation involves PPARs (another nuclear receptor transcription factor).
• Omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation via COX-2 prostaglandins, but also by binding to PPARs.
• For most of the diseases under consideration, suppression of inflammation will eliminate symptoms.
• Antibiotics can impact all of these diseases in unpredictable ways. In some cases complete remission can be achieved and in other cases antibiotics can produce lethal cytokine storms.
• Bacterial cell wall components, e.g. lipopolysaccharide, lipid A, are intensely pyrogenic, i.e. inflammatory.

Cryptic Bacteria in our Tissues

The role of bacteria in numerous diseases, including cancers, has been proposed since the early isolation of bacteria from human tissues. Many of these bacteria are difficult to culture and have variable forms viewed by microscope. Because these bacteria are difficult for microbiologists to handle with conventional approaches, their existence and significance has always been questioned. Use of antibiotics to treat chronic, inflammatory conditions has seemed inconsistent with the unproven existence of a bacterial cause. Thus, there is surprise when the inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to a cure.

Cryptic Bacteria Suppress Local Inflammation and Promote Chronic Inflammation

I think that the fundamental problem is the assumption that human tissue is sterile, i.e. free from microorganisms, such as bacteria, unless there is overt infection. Part of the sterile assumption derives from the intense inflammatory response to bacteria. In order for bacteria to survive in tissue, the bacteria must suppress inflammation and the tissue must tolerate the slow leaching of inflammatory bacterial materials.

Chronic Disease Hypothesis

Based on the cryptic bacterial infection hypothesis, many, if not all chronic diseases are initiated by inflammatory events that release bacteria into the blood stream carried in phagocytic cells. The cells migrate and take up residence at a region of inflammation. The bacteria produce molecules that produce tissue hibernation and quell local inflammation in response to the bacteria. The bacteria are, however, a source of ongoing irritation to the tissue and a chronic inflammatory disease results.

Eradication of Cryptic Bacteria

Antibiotics would be a typical choice for killing infecting bacteria. In the case of cryptic, chronic infections, however, application of therapeutic antibiotics may be problematic. The established infections may have produced privileged locations isolated from the vascular system and protected by a bacterial community, e.g. a biofilm. Alternatively, the death of the bacteria and release of pyrogenic factors my produce life-threatening inflammation, that requires careful support.

Hibernation in Rodents Provides Treatment Clues

The compromise of tissue inflammation in response to cryptic bacteria is similar to the physiology of rodent hibernation. In both cases, systemic inflammation is suppressed. At the cellular level, this means that other signaling pathways silence the inflammatory NFkB expression pattern. One of the major nuclear receptors that is activated in hibernation is PPAR. PPAR is activated by opiods and H2S, which also induce hibernation in rodents. There are numerous analogs, inhibitors and H2S donors that could be used to disrupt hibernation (free local suppression of inflammation) or reduce symptoms by suppressing systemic inflammation.

Inflammation Compromises Tissue/Blood Barriers

Inflammation causes a disruption of the integrity of the endothelial extracellular matrix at sites of local inflammation. NFkB activation shuts down the expression of genes involved in heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) synthesis makes the tissue/blood barrier leaky. Locally this facilitates the recruitment of lymphocytes and neutrophils for defense, but systemically it leads to leaky gut/kidney/brain barriers that permit bacteria to cross.

Convergence of Therapies to Attack Cryptic Infections

The central approaches to attack cryptic infections are a combination of antibiotics and suppression of cytokine storms. These approaches are used in Marshall’s Protocol [http://bacteriality.com/ ], which also exploits a vitamin D receptor antagonist, Olmesartan, that also inhibits NFkB and inflammation.

A similar protocol has been developed by Dr. Michael Powell to inhibit hibernation and attack cryptic infections:
http://www.faqs.org/patents/app/20090163448

These approaches are similar to the lengthy use of antibiotics for the treatment of chronic Lyme disease.

It is very interesting to note that some of the most effective treatments for a long list of degenerative chronic diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancers, use essentially the same protocol that should attack cryptic bacteria and provide support for ensuing inflammation.

Cure Acne, Back Pain, Tendonitis, Depression

Remedies Include Vicks Vaporub, Castor Oil and Anti-Inflammatory Diet

Simple anti-inflammatory treatments cure some of the most common health complaints. The big question is why people tolerate the problems rather than applying the readily available remedies.

It seems to me that one reason people don’t simply live anti-inflammatory lives and avoid health problems is that attacking the underlying inflammation by approaches that would have prevented the health problem in the first place, is inadequate for fixing the problem after it becomes established.

Health problems based on inflammation may have many different sources of inflammation. Many dietary deficiencies, for example, contribute to inflammation, so what we eat or don’t eat is a major health risk. Other common contributors to inflammation are dental cavities/infections and inadequate exercise.

Common Symptoms of Chronic Inflammation: Acne, Back Pain, Tendonitis, Depression

I have started to ask casual acquaintances if they have any aches or pains, because eliminating dietary sources of inflammation will be evident in relief of these problems. Common complaints are sore joints and tendons related to repeated use. An example is my barber who complained of pain in all of the tendons used to raise his arms to cut hair. Another friend just had her second child and suffered from shooting pains in the tendons of the arm she used to cradle the youngest when she used the other arm on some task.

Simple Anti-Inflammatory Diet Adjustments Get Quick Results

In many cases, a simple change in diet can lower chronic inflammation enough to provide relief from symptoms. Vitamin D deficiency is probably an underlying source of inflammation of most people in the US. So a simple supplement of 2000-5000 IU per day will have noticeable, anti-inflammatory impact on most people.

I recommended vitamin D and fish oil supplements to a friend suffering from chronic back pain. The back pain persisted, but his acne resolved. He stopped taking the supplements, but after physical therapy relieved the back pain, he returned to the supplements as an acne treatment. Now he has long term relief from all of his pains.

Elimination of Dietary Inflammation May Not Resolve Inflammation Based Health Problems

Health problems that start from aggrevated inflammation, may not be eliminated with resolution of the initial cause. My friend’s back ache, for example, didn’t respond to just elimination of deficiencies in his diet. It seemed that the back problems were self-sustaining. After he did exercises to remove the physical aggravation of his back, lack of dietary inflammation prevented the return of the back ache.

Complex Inflammatory Webs

A student of mine suffers from celiac. This is a complex autoimmune disorder of the intestines that is triggered by wheat gluten and is self-perpetuating. Of interest in this context is that celiacs frequently also have back problems. This indicates that the inflammation of the disease is systemic and impacts other tissues. Clearly, reducing dietary inflammation can go only so far in relieving this complex web of reinforcing sources of inflammation.

Simple Anti-inflammatory Interventions

My friend with tendonitis from holding her child got immediate relief from topical application of castor oil and dietary supplements eliminated the problem. Castor oil and capsaicin react with skin heat-sensing neurons to initiate an anti-inflammatory response in adjacent tissue. In a similar way, menthol acts on cold-sensing neurons and relieves pain by reducing inflammation. Vicks Vaporub is a common commercial source of menthol (other sources are blue Listerine mouthwash and Noxema lotion), which give faster relief than longer lasting castor oil for many connective tissue/joint aches. Exercise is another source of relief for inflammation-based aches and pains.

Health: Combinations of Interventions and an Anti-Inflammatory Diet

Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, disrupt the molecular signals that produce inflammation and result in relief from inflammation and pain. The common ailments discussed here respond to anti-inflammatory drugs. Depression was mentioned to point out the psychological dimensions of inflammation. Reproduction/birth is controlled at many points by the processes that we call inflammation and the most inflammatory stage is birth. It is not surprising that disruption of the normally rapid resolution of inflammation following birth leads to postpartum depression. It is surprising that postpartum depression can be relieved by anti-inflammatory drugs.

Fighting Inflammation-Based Diseases

Complex diseases such as allergies, asthma, arthritis, vascular/heart diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, cancers, etc. are all based on chronic inflammation, but they are also self-reinforcing inflammatory diseases. Cures will require elimination of sources of chronic inflammation, e.g. diet, plus disruption of the disease-supporting inflammation, e.g. food/gut flora-stimulation of inflammation of the bowel.

Fundamental to the cure of all diseases is a supporting anti-inflammatory diet and lifestyle.

Cure for Cancer, Autoimmunity, Allergies, etc.

The immune system is powerful enough to provide protection from disease. Unfortunately, to act decisively the cells of the immune system have to be able to discriminate between self and non-self. Poor discrimination can lead to autoimmunity, cancer or infection. New approaches promise the precise use of interleukins, to reset self-recognition, eliminate a wide range of diseases and liberalize organ transplantation.

IL-2 is the Cytokine Responsible for Suppression of Autoimmunity -- Tolerance

Self/non-self discrimination is dependent on cellular communication and much of that communication takes place via small proteins called interleukins. First and foremost among the interleukins is interleukin-2 (IL-2). IL-2 is made by cells of the immune system, lymphocytes. Mice that are either defective in producing IL-2 or the lymphocyte receptor for IL-2, IL2R alpha, also called CD25, rapidly develop autoimmune diseases, such as type I diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease. Thus IL-2 is necessary for both effective immunological defenses against pathogens and suppression of immune attacks on self tissues, i.e. autoimmunity.

IL-2 Balance Achieved with Complex of IL-2 and Anti-IL-2 Antibodies

Direct injection of IL-2 has some impact on cancers, but is very difficult to control. This should be expected, because local environments should determine if the IL-2 will stimulate aggressive immunological attacks or development of regulatory T cells, Tregs, that produce tolerance.

More subtle control is achieved by using antibodies that bind to particular regions of the IL-2. The resulting IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes can be used to stimulate immunological reactions to an antigen, which is useful for vaccines, or can stimulate tolerance for use in organ transplantation.

Future applications may be in the cure of a wide variety of autoimmune diseases, e.g. type I diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, allergies, asthma; degenerative diseases, such as arthritis or athersclerosis, and cancers.

reference:
Webster KE, Walters S, Kohler RE, Mrkvan T, Boyman O, Surh CD, Grey ST, Sprent J. 2009. In vivo expansion of T reg cells with IL-2-mAb complexes: induction of resistance to EAE and long-term acceptance of islet allografts without immunosuppression. J Exp Med. Mar 30. [Epub ahead of print]

Inflammation Causes Disease

Human diets have changed dramatically over the last few hundred years, and as a consequence so have our diseases. The most recent shift in diet over the last hundred years has resulted in a shift from infectious diseases to degenerative diseases. This trend is summarized in the following Wikipedia entry.

Lifestyle diseases, from Wikipedia:

"Lifestyle diseases (also called diseases of longevity or diseases of civilization) are diseases that appear to increase in frequency as countries become more industrialized and people live longer. They include Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, asthma, cancer, chronic liver disease or cirrhosis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, nephritis or chronic renal failure, osteoporosis, acne, stroke, depression and obesity.

Death statistics in the United States
In 1900, the top three causes of death in the United States were pneumonia/influenza, tuberculosis, and diarrhea/enteritis. Communicable diseases accounted for about 60 percent of all deaths. In 1900, heart disease and cancer were ranked number four and eight respectively. Since the 1940s, the majority of deaths in the United States have resulted from heart disease, cancer, and other degenerative diseases. And, by the late 1990s, degenerative diseases accounted for more than 60 percent of all deaths.
Reference:
National Center for Health Statistics, National Office of Vital Statistics, 1947 for the year 1900 (page 67), for the year 1938 (page 55)."

My point here is that all of the so-called lifestyle diseases are also based on inflammation. I checked the research literature for studies of the response of each of these diseases to diets supplemented with omega-3 fish oils. Studies had been performed in each case. Reduction of inflammation by fish oil treatment was uniformly effective in reducing symptoms of all of the degenerative diseases. Other diseases that can be added to the inflammatory list are spinal disc problems and hypertension. It is interesting that disc dislocations are associated with coeliac, an inflammatory/autoimmune disease. It is also interesting that acne and depression are listed. Acne is indirectly associated with diet, but if sufferers shift to an anti-inflammatory diet, acne symptoms disappear. Depression associated with childbirth is particularly responsive to anti-inflammatory drugs, diet and exercise. Most of the symptoms associated with aging are just due to inflammation and are similarly responsive to anti-inflammatory lifestyle changes

To summarize:

• Modern degenerative diseases are caused by modern inflammatory diets (and insufficient exercise.)
• Anti-inflammatory diet and lifestyle reduce degenerative diseases.
• Aging is predominantly mismanaged inflammation.